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The Tsar of Russia was the title used by the ruler of the Tsardom of Russia, a state that existed from 1547 to 1721. The Tsardom of Russia was preceded by the Grand Principality of Moscow, and was succeeded by the Russian Empire . The first tsar of Russia was Ivan IV (commonly known in English as Ivan the Terrible, from the Russian Ivan Grozny ), the last Grand Prince of Moscow, and the founder of the Tsardom of Russia.

What is a Tsar?
The title ‘ tsar’ (spelled also either as ‘czar’ or ‘tzar’) was not used exclusively by the rulers of Russia, but also by other Slavic monarchs, such as the ruler of the Bulgarian Empire. This title is derived from the Latin ‘ Caesar’, an imperial title that continued to be used by the Byzantines long after the division of the Roman Empire . In medieval Russia, this title became ‘tsar’, and had a religious connotation attached to it. Although the title was used to refer to a supreme ruler, it referred specifically to the secular head of the Orthodox Christian world, i.e. the Byzantine emperor .
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